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- $Unique_ID{BRK03657}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Dermatitis, Atopic}
- $Subject{Dermatitis Atopic Atopic Eczema Besnier Prurigo Constitutional Eczema
- Dermatitis Disseminated Neurodermatitis Eczema Contact Dermatitis Dyshidrosis
- Psoriasis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 801:
- Dermatitis, Atopic
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Dermatitis, Atopic) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Atopic Eczema
- Besnier Prurigo
- Constitutional Eczema
- Dermatitis
- Disseminated Neurodermatitis
- Eczema
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Contact Dermatitis
- Dyshidrosis
- Psoriasis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Atopic Dermatitis is a common chronic inherited form of eczema. Eczema
- is a skin condition characterized by redness, swelling (edema), oozing,
- crusting, scaling, burning pain, and itching (pruritus). Scratching or
- rubbing eczema may lead to thickening and marking of the skin
- (lichenification). The causes of eczema fall into two classifications: 1)
- constitutional eczema (Atopic Dermatitis), and 2) external eczema which is
- caused by allergies, irritations, or chemical reactions such as in Contact
- Dermatitis (see Related Disorders section for more information).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Atopic Dermatitis is a chronic inherited form of eczema characterized by red,
- oozing and weeping skin inflammation with itching. There are three forms:
- infantile, childhood, and adult eczema. Usually, the first two forms clear
- up during childhood. The adult form may become either widespread over the
- entire body surface or may be limited to a small area such as on the hands or
- scalp only. Patients with this form of eczema usually have highly sensitive
- skin, decreased skin-oil production, a low itch tolerance, and abnormal
- sweating activity.
-
- Clothing (especially wool or silk), emotional stress, harsh soap, grease,
- oils, some detergents, extreme heat or cold, sweating, or irritating
- medications may trigger Atopic Dermatitis. Itching may lead to excessive
- scratching which worsens the condition and is referred to as the "itch-
- scratch-itch syndrome." In many patients, other allergies such as asthma, hay
- fever or hives often accompany Atopic Dermatitis. Food hypersensitivity in
- children may also be associated with Atopic Dermatitis. However, the eczema
- is not caused by pollen or other airborne irritants.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Atopic Dermatitis is not known, although the
- susceptibility to eczema is believed to be an inherited trait. In children
- with food allergies or hypersensitivity, an immune response may trigger
- reactions within the skin.
-
- Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. It has not been clearly established yet whether Atopic Dermatitis is
- inherited as an autosomal dominant or recessive trait.
-
- In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received from
- either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other normal
- gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting
- the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent for each
- pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
-
- In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
- inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If one
- receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a
- carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Atopic Dermatitis primarily affects infants and children, although there is
- an adult form as well. It affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Atopic
- Dermatitis. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Contact Dermatitis is a common disorder characterized an acute or chronic
- skin inflammation triggered by substances that come in contact with the skin.
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis may be due to delayed hypersensitivity. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Contact Dermatitis" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Dyshidrosis (Difficult Sweating; Hand Eczema; Cheiropompholyx; Pompholyx)
- is a disorder of unknown cause, characterized initially by deep-seated itchy
- blisters or elevated spots usually on the sides of the fingers. Later, the
- skin of the hands may become dry, scaly, hardened, and fissured. The feet
- may also be affected.
-
- Psoriasis is a common chronic and recurrent skin disorder characterized
- by dry, well-circumscribed silvery gray scaling spots or plaques
- which usually appear on the scalp, elbows, knees, back, or buttocks. In a
- few cases, the entire body may be affected. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Psoriasis" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis usually involves a combination of
- environmental, personal, and medical measures. Diagnosis of the disorder can
- be made by blood tests for the immunoglobulin levels in the blood. Treatment
- of Atopic Dermatitis includes emollient creams to keep the skin lubricated,
- corticosteroid creams and antihistamines to decrease itching, and antibiotics
- such as hydroxizine (Atarax) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for secondary
- bacterial infections. Tar preparations or ultraviolet light therapy may also
- benefit the patient. Wet compresses or dressings may help when the skin is
- oozing or weeping. Mild lanolin-based soaps and bath oil are generally
- recommended for bathing. Mild laundry detergents can be used to prevent
- clothing from irritating the skin.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on diseases of the skin is ongoing at the National Institute of
- Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases which is listed in the Resources
- section of this report.
-
- Clinical trials are underway to study patients with Hyper-IgE Syndrome
- and high serum IgE levels. Interested persons may wish to contact:
-
- Rebecca H. Buckley, M.D.
- Box 2898
- Duke University Medical Center
- Durham, NC 27710
- (919) 684-2922
-
- to see if further patients are needed for this research.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Atopic Dermatitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- Information Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- References
-
- THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS COMPLETE HOME
- MEDICAL GUIDE: Donald F. Tapley, M.D., et al., eds; Crown Publishers, Inc.,
- 1985. Pp. 624, 641.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 1377-1378.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 832.
-
- WORLD BOOK MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA: Erich E. Brueschke, M.D., et al., eds;
- World Book, Inc., 1988. Pp. 295-296.
-
-